Migration
Net migration rates for partner countries in 2002
Source: The Central Intelligence Agency (2002) The World Fact Book
Migration stock in partner countries in 2002
[Migrant stock: Number: estimate of the number of people who are born outside the country. Per cent of population: the migrant stock as a percentage of the total population.]
Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2002) International Migration 2002
Asylum applications per 1,000 inhabitants: top 20 countries in 2000
Source: United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2002
Britain has a long history of migration; the travelling bands of Celts and Picts were the first colonise the British Isles, and the Roman occupation from AD43, represented the first significant wave of immigration to break upon British shores.
The influx of many different individuals, groups, races and cultures has had a significant and marked impact on British national history and identity. We are all descended from immigrants - it is just a question of how far back you want to go. The English poet John Donne summed this up:
"No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent."
Source: The History of Immigration
One of the most promising outcomes of labour-related migration for countries of origin is migrants' remittances (the portion of an international migrant's earnings sent back from the host country to the country of origin). Between 1980 and 1999 official remittances accounted for around one tenth of the total financial flows into Senegal as a proportion of the total foreign direct investment, remittances and official development assistance
Source: International Organisation for Migration
Migration of Africans with only a primary education is almost nil. The picture is quite different for the migratory flows from the Western Hemisphere: Mexico is by far the largest sending country (2.7 million), with the large majority of its migrants (2.0 million) having a secondary education and fewer than 13 percent having a tertiary education. This pattern is also observed for the smaller countries of Central America
» Carrington, W and Detragiache, E (1999) 'How Extensive Is the Brain Drain?' Finance and Development 36:2
Brain drain is a particular issue for South Africa; it loses almost half of its qualified doctors to Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. Canada has spent $1.2million actively recruited doctors from the country. South Africa in turn recruits staff from poorer countries like Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe which now account for 80% of South Africa's rural doctors. In Britain 43% of nurses registering were foreign trained in 2003, compared with 10% in 1993.
Source: New Internationalist 379, 2005
| United Kingdom | Nicaragua | Senegal | South Africa | France | Germany | |
| Net migration rate(migrant(s)/1,000 population) | 1.06 | -1.3 | 0.21 | -1.56 | 0.64 | 3.99 |
Migration stock in partner countries in 2002
| United Kingdom | Nicaragua | Senegal | South Africa | France | Germany | |
| Migration Stock (thousands) | 4,029 | 27 | 284 | 1,303 | 6,277 | 7,349 |
| Migration Stock (percentage of population) | 6.8 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 10.6 | 9.0 |
| Number of Refugees (thousands) | 121 | 0 | 21 | 15 | 133 | 906 |
Source: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2002) International Migration 2002
Asylum applications per 1,000 inhabitants: top 20 countries in 2000
| Country of Asylum | Asylum applications per 1,000 inhabitants |
| Slovenia | 4.6 |
| Switzerland | 4.5 |
| Belgium | 4.2 |
| Ireland | 3.9 |
| Islamic Republic of Iran | 3.5 |
| Netherlands | 2.8 |
| Central African Republic | 2.6 |
| Norway | 2.4 |
| Austria | 2.3 |
| Denmark | 1.9 |
| Sweden | 1.8 |
| Botswana | 1.7 |
| Jordan | 1.5 |
| Luxembourg | 1.4 |
| Germany | 1.4 |
| UK | 1.4 |
| Lebanon | 1.2 |
| Bahamas | 1.1 |
| Canada | 1.1 |
| Australia | 1.1 |
Britain has a long history of migration; the travelling bands of Celts and Picts were the first colonise the British Isles, and the Roman occupation from AD43, represented the first significant wave of immigration to break upon British shores.
Workers are moved around the world in the search for employment
In the seventeenth century the expansion of Britain's trading empire signalled a further era of significant migration. Post WWII Britain began looking for immigrant workers. European voluntary workers from Poland, Italy, the Ukraine and Germany were enabled to settle, filling some job vacancies, this however was not sufficient and so Britain turned to workers from further afield to meet its workforce needs.
The influx of many different individuals, groups, races and cultures has had a significant and marked impact on British national history and identity. We are all descended from immigrants - it is just a question of how far back you want to go. The English poet John Donne summed this up:
"No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent."
Source: The History of Immigration
NICARAGUA
- In 51% of female-headed households, the male partner has migrated / emigrated as a survival strategy, leading to rupture of the family, abandonment of the home, learning to live separated from one's family, and suffering from being unable to be with one's loved-ones.
- According to the Nicaraguan Government's Department of Migration and Aliens, in 1990, 173,350 people left the country, and in 1999, 452,378. These official figures do not take into account the illegal migrants, for whom there are no reliable records.
- In 1999, according to figures from various cash transfer agencies, the total amount of money sent home by Nicaraguans abroad reached $600 million. In 1998, the total of money sent home my migrants was equal to 98% of the total exports of the country.
SENEGAL
The Senegal Diaspora in selected countries of Europe and North America (stock data)| France | Italy | Germany | Spain | Belgium | Portugal | Switzerland | USA |
| 43,700 | 35,188 | 2621 | 11,051 | 754 | 382 | 781 | 370 |
One of the most promising outcomes of labour-related migration for countries of origin is migrants' remittances (the portion of an international migrant's earnings sent back from the host country to the country of origin). Between 1980 and 1999 official remittances accounted for around one tenth of the total financial flows into Senegal as a proportion of the total foreign direct investment, remittances and official development assistance
Source: International Organisation for Migration
BRAIN DRAIN
Movement across South America is greatest towards the cities
The biggest migratory flows from Africa to the United States are from Egypt, Ghana, and South Africa, with more than 60 percent of immigrants from those three countries having a tertiary education.
Migration of Africans with only a primary education is almost nil. The picture is quite different for the migratory flows from the Western Hemisphere: Mexico is by far the largest sending country (2.7 million), with the large majority of its migrants (2.0 million) having a secondary education and fewer than 13 percent having a tertiary education. This pattern is also observed for the smaller countries of Central America
» Carrington, W and Detragiache, E (1999) 'How Extensive Is the Brain Drain?' Finance and Development 36:2
Brain drain is a particular issue for South Africa; it loses almost half of its qualified doctors to Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. Canada has spent $1.2million actively recruited doctors from the country. South Africa in turn recruits staff from poorer countries like Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe which now account for 80% of South Africa's rural doctors. In Britain 43% of nurses registering were foreign trained in 2003, compared with 10% in 1993.
Source: New Internationalist 379, 2005